Line & Staff relationships.
Line functions: It includes production, sales, and finance in the typical manufacturing organization.
Staff functions: It provides some sort of advice or service to the line.
Line relationships are superior-subordinate relationships.
Staff relationships are advisory in nature. The four(4) types of staff relationships are: (i) providing advice only on request. (ii) recommending where the staff office deems appropriate. (iii) consulting authority. (iv) concurring authority.
Functional authority: It is a special type of staff authority over others who are not their line subordinates.
Service relationships are “facilitative activities” that are centralized for economy of scale, uniformity, or special capability, but are only supportive of the main mission.
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